Low Voltage Switchgear: definition, purpose and when to use it

A safe and efficient power distribution system is essential in the electrical industry to maintain the continuous operation of a building or facility. Low-voltage switchgears are an important part of the electrical distribution system as they play a vital role in regulating the flow of energy to various equipment and ensuring the protection of the electrical system. 

Low voltage switchgear is not only power distribution but also ensures the flow of electricity remains safe and stable under various conditions. Below, we will discuss what low voltage switchgear is and why many customers choose it.

What is Low Voltage Switchgear (LV Switchgear)?

For buildings and other structures that require electricity, low voltage switchgear is a system designed to distribute electricity safely and efficiently.

With the use of LV circuit breakers, electrical equipment is protected from the risk of short circuits and overloads through circuit breakers, but operators are not protected from internal faults. To protect the operator, earthing leakage circuit breakers detect leakage currents and ensure that the appliance is disconnected before damage occurs, keeping the operator safe.

What is the Purpose of Low Voltage Switchgear?

Basically, a switchgear or switchboard is the “brain” of power distribution that enters and is channeled to various parts of a building or structure. Power enters the switchboard and is then distributed to the required locations through cables or bus bar systems. 

Typically, this power is received from the Distribution Network Operator (DNO) through a transformer before flowing into the switchboard. 

Next, the power is routed through devices such as circuit breakers, fused switches, or isolators. Such devices are installed in the downstream sub-boards and the main switchboard if required.

The size of these devices is based on the load capacity or current required to run the equipment or system. 

Keep in mind that circuit breakers and fused switches act as protectors, but isolators do not. Isolators cannot handle faults or overloads. Isolators are typically used in situations where manual disconnection is required to isolate the supply to or from equipment, such as the output of a UPS unit.

When is Switchgear Used?

Whether it is for domestic, commercial, or industrial needs, switchgear is used to control and safely distribute power when there are certain power needs to be met. This system ensures that the required power can be delivered precisely and safely to all parts that require it.

Due to the power requirements in homes (unless the building is very large or has more complex electrical needs), the use of switchgear is usually not necessary in residential properties, such as houses. 

A smaller version of the switchboard, the Consumer Unit, is usually used for residential homes. It handles only single-phase supplies and has a capacity of 100A at 220V, which is sufficient to meet standard household electrical needs.

However, the switchgear used has a much larger capacity for commercial or industrial buildings that require more power. Commercial or industrial switchgear can be rated up to 6300A at 400V three-phase, which clearly shows the huge difference in the scale and complexity of its use, corresponding to more and diverse power requirements.

Does LV Switchgear Offer Electrical Protection?

The primary function of low-voltage switchgear is to provide electrical protection against thermal and mechanical stress from short-circuit currents. 

This is critical in limiting the dangerous consequences of excessive currents and separating faulty currents from the rest of the installation. LV switchgear provides protection to operators and human equipment such as electric motors.

Is Low Voltage Switchgear Safe?

Data centers and other types of large power users can consume up to 100 Megawatts (1ooMW) of power, which is 100 million Watts of power available for use every hour. This is comparable to an electric kettle with a capacity of about 3000 Watts (3kW).

Having a system that can distribute power safely and effectively is essential, regardless of the amount of power available or smaller power requirements. Power systems can be dangerous or even deadly to people and equipment if designed and installed incorrectly.

With a well-designed low-voltage distribution system, buildings can safely deliver electricity supply. If something goes wrong, electricity can damage equipment and endanger lives. 

Electrical faults can also cause devastating injuries, including severe burns, or, in the worst cases, death. To protect as many lives and equipment as possible, all equipment made and installed by AF Switchgear is designed to detect, isolate and clear electrical faults very quickly.

Is Low Voltage Switchgear Easy to Use?

Some systems are easy to use and some systems are very complex. it is advisable to undertake training before operating LV Switchgear as making mistakes can be detrimental or have catastrophic consequences if used incorrectly. 

We recommend that only suitably skilled, trained and qualified persons should operate live switchgear and personal protective equipment (PPE) should be worn when replacing devices for own safety.

When is Maintenance Service for LV Switchgear?

To guarantee reliable continuous operation, regular services for low-voltage switchgear of any brand should be planned. Maintenance teams perform visual inspection, cleaning, and lubrication for LV switchgear. They also perform annual maintenance or one-time servicing.

Conclusion

Switchgear serves an important function in controlling and distributing power safely, whether for residential, commercial, or industrial purposes. 

In residential properties, switchgear is usually not required except for large buildings, as the power requirements are smaller and can be handled by the Consumer Unit. 

In contrast, in the commercial and industrial sectors, switchgear is required to handle larger power with high capacity, so its use is more complex and has a greater capacity compared to systems in housing.